WP4 - TG43
Chair: Javier Viyande and José Perez-Calatayud
The TG43 data of "conventional" brachytherapy sources -mainly 137Cs and 192Ir sources- are collected by the group at the University of Valencia. New sources or new source data can be added. Data are also included on low-energy photon emitting brachytherapy sources (125I, 103Pd) that comply with the prerequisites of AAPM TG-43. If consensus datatsets could be obtained by the AAPM, these are included on the ESTRO web page. The contents are supervised by a BRAPHYQS expert team. A new entrance to the BRAPHYQS website data can be accessed. The BRAPHYQS group has written a short introductory text to the TG-43 data site with explanation on use and background information. Research data -which means: non-validated sets of TG43 data- will stay available using the 2nd website still located at the University of Valencia: http://www.uv.es/braphyqs. Transfer of the data from the http://www.uv.es/braphyqs site to this site has been done.
Some members of BRAPHYQS group are also members of the AAPM Brachytherapy Subcommittee (BTSC) and its working groups. In these positions, they represent the ESTRO community, reflected in an ESTRO’s co-sponsorship of the reports “Dosimetric prerequisites for routine clinical use of photon emitting brachytherapy sources with average energy higher than 50 keV” by Zuofeng Li et al., Med Phys. Dec 2007; 34:37-40) and “Dose calculation for photon-emitting brachytherapy sources with average energy higher than 50 keV: Report of the AAPM and ESTRO” by Perez-Calatayud et al. Med. Phys. 39 (5), May 2012.
The coordination between BRAPHYQS group and the BTSC Subcommittee leads to a full consensus on the data of the LowEnergy as well High Energy Brachytherapy Dosimetry data, with an Internet presentation of such data using links from the ESTRO site to USA counterparts and vice versa.
WP5 - Calibration Facility for I-125
Chair: Frank-André Siebert
Calibration facilities for I-125 and Pd-103 sources with easy access for European institutes are lacking. Actually, in the world only NIST provides the user with a calibration facility and PTB Braunschweig has opened a WAFAC type I-125 calibration facility. The purpose of the taskgroup is to further stimulate European primary and secondary standard labs in co-operation within EUROMET to develop such standards for these low-energy sources. Following a previous contact with PTB by Alex Rijnders, Jack Venselaar and Tony Aalbers (NMi NL), a small mini-symposium in parallel to the ESTRO 25 meeting in Leipzig (Oct 2006) was organized. Invitations were sent to representatives of different EU and USA labs and ABS (on behalf of BRAPHYQS, Jack Venselaar, Alex Rijnders, Heikki Toelli, Taran Paulsen Hellebust and José Pérez-Calatayud). The meeting was successful and it was agreed that there is a need for cooperation between labs and “customers”. Several ideas were discussed and will be brought to the attention of the board of EURAMET. The EURAMET project T2.J06 was a project of European standard laboratories with the goal to establish dose-to-water calibration in brachytherapy, also for low-energy sources. BRAPHYQS is cooperating with the EURAMET T2.J03 project group, offering the expertise of BRAPHYQS to this project. As chair of BRAPHYQS F.-A. Siebert was invited to the EURAMET meetings. However, dose-to water calibration was not able to gain broad acceptance in the brachytherapy community at clinical level so far.
WP14: In-vivo dosimetry, risk management and registries in brachytherapy
Chair: Jacob Johannsen
A key challenge in radiotherapy including brachytherapy is to provide a safe and preferably incidence-free treatment. This can best be achieved by monitoring of dose delivery and regular quality assurance and quality control. The aim of this working package is to ensure a high utilisation of dose delivery monitoring and reduce the risk of incidences. The primary mean to achieve the first part is through enhancing the usage of in vivo dosimetry, which is the most direct way of monitoring dose delivery. The second part will focus on central registries for incidence-based learning.
In 2020, an ESTRO task group published two “White Paper” on the current status of in vivo dosimetry and requirements needed before in vivo dosimetry can be a part of the daily clinical brachytherapy practice- both for brachytherapy and external beam radiotherapy (Olaciregui-Ruiz I et al. 2020 Aug 29;15:108-116, Fonseca GP et al. Phys Imaging Radiat Oncol. 2020 Sep 28;16:1-11).
Furthermore, a survey about patient-specific quality assurance and quality control are being prepared. The aim is to get insight into what means are currently being used to ensure a safe treatment around Europe, and to investigate if state-of-the-art method are being employed.
WP17 - Dicom standard in brachytherapy
Chair: Yury Niatsetki
The goal of the WP 17 DICOM Standard in Brachytherapy is to improve interconnectivity between different planning systems in brachytherapy, facilitating plan comparison for clinical studies:
1) Evaluation of dose distributions used for treatment
2) Exchange of treatment plans between TPS of different vendors
3) Compare 3D treatment planning dose calculations
These are not fully covered in the currently used 1st generation DICOM RT objects because the those were developed more than 20 years ago.
BRAPHYQS group is one of the stakeholders of the DICOM WG-07 Brachytherapy Subgroup, working on 2nd generation DICOM RT objects and on the IHE-RO (Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise – Radiation Oncology) Brachytherapy Workflow profile, addressing solutions for interconnectivity issues using the DICOM objects provided in its 1st generation.
WP19: Quality Control of Brachytherapy Treatment Planning Systems
Chair: Marisol De Brabandere
Currently there are no dedicated, practical reports available on commissioning and quality assurance (QA) of treatment planning systems (TPS) for brachytherapy. Most of the existing reports and handbooks on TPS commissioning are either too concise or too theoretical, or are focusing on external beam therapy only. The aim of the WP19 project is
1) to provide users with guidelines for commissioning and quality assurance (QA) of brachytherapy treatment planning systems at the time of implementation and after minor and major software upgrades/updates;
2) to provide a set of practical tools (spreadsheets, DICOM sets, checklists, …) to validate the TPS calculation accuracy and performance.
Unlike other work packages within BRAPHYQS, WP19 is an open project with support of non-BRAPHYQS members. An appeal for contributors was made in 2017, resulting in a group of brachytherapy physicists from all over Europe. Representatives from the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) and Australasian Brachytherapy Group (ABG) are included. In spring 2018 an application for ACROP approval was submitted to ESTRO.
Five main subtopics have been defined for this report: (a) geometry and imaging, (b) source specification, (c) dose calculation accuracy and representation, (d) (library) applicator specification and (e) output/data transfer and reporting. For each topic a coordinator and several contributors were assigned. The guidelines will handle both HDR/PDR/LDR and seed implant brachytherapy. It will focus on TG43-based algorithms only; for advanced MC-based dose calculation algorithms the report will refer to existing AAPM reports on this topic. As of summer 2022, the draft manuscript is almost complete.
WP20 Image Matching in Brachytherapy
Chair: Christian Kirisits
Image registration, image matching and dose accumulation are important topics for brachytherapy. The matching of target volumes between different image modalities and images taken at different time points is challenging. Also the dose accumulation between fractionated brachytherapy treatments and combination with external beam has been topic of many analysis and recommendations. However, there are several misunderstandings when transferring models created for external beam to brachytherapy applications. This workpackage analysis the existing methods, the evidence from scientific and technical literature and would like to draw conclusions including expert opinions.
This project group published a review paper in 2020 on image registration in gynecological brachytherapy (Swamidas J et al. Radiother Oncol, 2020 Feb;143:1-11).
WP21 Calibration in high-energy photon brachytherapy
Chair: Jose Perez-Calatayud
The WP21 group aim is to present guidance for brachytherapy (BT) high energy (HE) source calibrations, including practical aspects and issues not specifically accounted for in the former current and well-accepted societal recommendations. This European guideline report has impact to all European sites offering HDR/PDR BT to ensure a high quality in HE source calibration. This presented recommendations report complements for HE the recently published ACROP BRAPHYQS WP18 report dedicated to low energy (seeds) (Radiother Oncol 2019). With both reports, the medical physicist has available a set of clear societal recommendations to consistently address the aspects of BT source calibration.
In particular, the rationale and charges of WP21 is to guide users of HE HDR-PDR BT sources (Ir-192 and Co-60) on:
- Calibration of HE sources and the instruments and to keep these efficiently operative (including an updated list of available calibration laboratories in Europe). Comparison of users RAKR measurements with manufacturer’s calibration, and required procedures when potential discrepancies exceed an action limit.
- In addition, WP-21 evidenced that there is an ambiguous responsibility definition of source leakage verification, being also the aim of this report to help with this issue.
These recommendations will reflect the guidance to the ESTRO BT users and describe the procedures in a clinic or hospital to ensure the correct calibration of HE HDR (and PDR) sources.
In September 2022 the guideline manuscript was accepted in Radiotherapy and Oncology for publication.
WP21 Members:
Jose Perez-Calatayud (Spain), chair
Facundo Ballester (Spain), expert consultant
Dimos Baltas (Germany), expert
Åsa Carlsson Tedgren (Sweden), expert
Larry DeWerd (USA), expert
Papagiannis Panagiotis (Greece), expert
Mark Rivard (USA), expert
Javier Vijande (Spain), expert
Frank-André Siebert (Germany), BRAPHYQS chair
WP22 Ru-106 eye plaque therapy
A new BRAPHYQS project on eye plaque treatments for uveal melanoma using Ru-106 plaques (WP22) was launched in 2020. Goals of this WP are to analyze clinical practice, with particular emphasis on dose planning, prescription and source calibration on Ru-106 eye plaques. To this end, a global survey was conducted and completed at the end of July 2022. The data is being analyzed and two papers are in preparation.In 2019 the TG-221 “AAPM recommendations on medical physics practices for ocular plaque brachytherapy: Report of task group 221” was published. This report mainly covers ocular brachytherapy using Iodine and Palladium seeds, but information on Ru-106 practice is limited. Therefore, we are also exploring the possibility of developing guideline documentation for clinical use of Ru-106 plaques, oncethe survey analysis is complete.
This is a joint project together with the GEC-ESTRO head-and-neck working group (Chair: Luca Tagliaferri). In addition, some additional experts were invited to join. This working package is also supported by the industry, in particular by Eckert & Ziegler BEBIG. Eckert & Ziegler BEBIG representatives are invited to join the working meetings.
WP22 Members:
Frank-André Siebert (Germany), BRAPHYQS chair
Åsa Carlsson Tedgren (Sweden), BRAPHYQS secretary
Marisol De Brabandere (Belgium), BRAPHYQS member
Luca Tagliaferri (Italy), Head & Neck and Skin WG chair
Lotte S. Fog (Australia), invited expert
Andrea Slocker (Spain), invited expert
Elisa Placidi (Italy), invited expert
Michael Andrássy (Germany), Eckert & Ziegler BEBIG representative
Carmen Schulz (Germany), Eckert & Ziegler BEBIG representative
WP23: The Medical Device Regulation
Chair: Jacob Johannsen
The EU regulation 2017/745 (Medical Device Regulation, MDR) has now succeeded the directive 93/42ECC (MDD). The implication of the MDR and the impact on the current brachytherapy procedure is still not clear, and it has led to uncertainty within the committee regarding, e.g. how to adhere to this. For instance, what is allowed in terms of in-house usage, sharing with clinics in the same country or even worldwide. What is considered a medical device in the MDR etc. It is also not clear how this will impact the availability and maintenance of the many different afterloaders and applicators. The aim of this work package is to provide guidelines for clinics on how to adhere to the MDR e.g. when using in-house developed equipment, and to give an overview of how the MDR will impact brachytherapy.
Two sessions on the MDR are organised for the GEC-ESTRO workshop 2023. The two sessions addresses the challenge from the users side and the vendors side respectively.